Chinese smelters may be able to get better treatment terms from Freeport but the volume of tonnage that can be allocated over the full year is uncertain.

Source: https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/commodity/LME-COPPER-CASH-16161/news/Copper-supply-rethink-as-smelter-treatment-charges-fall-Andy-Home-45426461/?utm_medium=RSS&utm_content=20231123

Located beside a crystal-blue lake in the lush jungle of Sorowako, South Sulawesi, Vale Indonesia — a subsidiary of Vale international — runs its smelters entirely from hydroelectricity.

Source: https://www.terracestandard.com/world-news/mounting-pressure-from-customers-making-some-miners-switch-to-renewable-energy/

The closure of older smelters in the rest of the world could be the outcome.

Source: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2023/11/13/china-tightens-grip-on-copper-key-to-worlds-energy-transition/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=china-tightens-grip-on-copper-key-to-worlds-energy-transition