And then what specific substrates give you optimism in 2023?

Source: https://seekingalpha.com/article/4576459-crown-holdings-inc-cck-q4-2022-earnings-call-transcript?source=feed_all_articles

Another challenge is that the process can be complex and demanding for curved substrates, as the surface topology must be carefully programmed, and a high-accuracy 3D motion stage is required.

Source: https://phys.org/news/2023-10-dragonfly-eyes-microlens-array-technique.html

BEIJING (Reuters) – U.S. semiconductor wafer maker AXT Inc said its Chinese subsidiary Beijing Tongmei had received initial export permits for shipping gallium arsenide and germanium substrates – compounds key to chipmaking – to certain customers.

Source: https://www.shorenewsnetwork.com/2023/09/21/us-firm-axt-says/

But as glass substrates mature and costs come down, it'll spread beyond data centers to the computer sitting on your lap.

Source: https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/features/inside-intels-chip-factory-i-saw-the-future-and-its-plain-old-glass/

Compared to EM-based SERS substrates, CM-based SERS substrates are usually made of two-dimensional materials including semiconductor oxides, metal carbides, and graphene and its evolutions, which have weaker signal enhancement capabilities.

Source: https://phys.org/news/2023-11-ferroelectric-modulation-fermi-graphene-oxide.html

Compared to EM-based SERS substrates, CM-based SERS substrates are usually made of two-dimensional materials including semiconductor oxides, metal carbides, and graphene and its evolutions, which have weaker signal enhancement capabilities.

Source: https://phys.org/news/2023-11-ferroelectric-modulation-fermi-graphene-oxide.html

He said the new notes are of the same substrates and passed through the same printing processes and finishing procedures as the old notes they are about to replace.

Source: https://thenationonlineng.net/why-new-naira-notes-leaves-ink-traces-on-surfaces-by-minting-firm/

‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ food rewards: Brain substrates and roles in eating disorders.

Source: https://www.healthcanal.com/nutrition/diet/keto-liquid-diet

Professor Kevin Sivula at EPFL is pictured holding the small chamber and one of his 'transparent porous conductive substrates'

Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11595627/Leaf-like-device-extracts-water-air-produce-hydrogen-fuel.html?ns_mchannel=rss&ns_campaign=1490&ito=1490