An imbalance of gut microbiota can lead to gastrointestinal conditions (like irritable bowel syndrome), autoimmune and cardiometabolic conditions.

Source: https://www.financialexpress.com/healthcare/wellness/understanding-probiotics-pre-biotics-and-post-biotics-do-we-really-need-these-supplements/3106455/

Not only does a robust post-challenge insulin secretory response not indicate adverse cardiometabolic health, but rather it predicts favourable metabolic function in the years to come."

Source: https://www.freepressjournal.in/health/is-post-meal-insulin-spike-safe-heres-what-latest-study-reveals