After Dumbledore's passing, Snape was instated as Headmaster — an appointment that was clearly arranged by Voldemort, who was very much in control at this point in time.

Source: https://screenrant.com/harry-potter-every-notable-hogwarts-headmaster-chronological-order/

He was often injured but found his footing as part of Dumbledore's Army.

Source: https://gamerant.com/harry-potter-unluckiest-characters/

However, the item's dual purpose for returning a person to their loved ones makes it seem like this had been Dumbledore's intention all along.

Source: https://screenrant.com/harry-potter-dumbledore-ron-deluminator-explained/

In Dumbledore's case, nothing could be done to bring him back to them, but he gave Ron a gift in not allowing the same to happen to him.

Source: https://screenrant.com/harry-potter-dumbledore-ron-deluminator-explained/