“A chemical solution, typically containing alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or lactic acid or salicylic acid or trichloroacetic acid (TCA), is applied to the skin to exfoliate the outer layer and reveal a more even complexion underneath.

Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/world-plastic-surgery-day-2023-what-are-non-surgical-and-minimally-invasive-options-to-enhance-facial-and-hair-appearance-8837510/

A potent 5% glycolic acid (AHAs or liquid exfoliants that dissolve dead skin cells, resulting in cellular renewal) kickstarts brighter, smoother and more youthful-looking skin.

Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbes-personal-shopper/article/best-toners/

Throw in AHAs and age-fighting vitamin C, and you have a well-rounded toner for targeting hyperpigmentation.

Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbes-personal-shopper/article/best-toners/